Nevertheless, and despite this methodological development and an increasing number of excavations on roads across the Roman Empire, a misconstrued idea of the paradigmatic structure and construction techniques of a standard Roman road has been widespread until fairly recently. 2015 Güimil-Fariña and Parcero-Oubiña 2015 Verbrugghe et al. 2018) and spatial analysis (Evangelidis et al. In recent decades, the application of new analytical methods to the Roman road research agenda has been significant, with the progressive generalisation of aerial photography and photogrammetry (Gasparini et al. 2017) of Roman roads has been a crucial milestone. 2014) and stratigraphic excavation (Quilici and Quilici 1992 Moreno Gallo 2004 Garilli et al. In this respect, the growing interest in the surveying (Sidebotham et al. 2017) and the modern restoration of ancient routes (Petrucci 2013). With regard to the roads as part of Roman material culture, research has generally emphasised the analysis of their construction techniques (Forbes 1964 Quilici 1992 Quilici and Quilici 1992 Rosada 1992 Xeidakis and Varagouli 1997 Moreno Gallo 2004), geotechnical properties (Garilli et al. 1999 Berechman 2003 Hitchner 2012 Orengo and Livarda 2016). 2004) the relationship between roads and the urban necropolises and the entrances to the towns (Schattner and Ruipérez 2010) and their association with overland trade (Batino et al. In this respect, studies have traditionally explored the role of Roman roads in ancient topography (Gautier 1769 Albenga 1918 Fustier 1960 Forbes 1964 Radke 1981 Quilici and Quilici 1992 Kolb 2019), especially regarding Roman rural field systems ( centuriationes) (Chouquer and Favory 1991 Botazzi 1992 Ciampoltrini and Andreotti 1994 Ariño Gil et al. As a result, these infrastructures conform to a vast archaeological heritage in the Mediterranean basin with an important research background (Sillières 1990 Chevalier 1997). It also symbolised political power, connected people and allowed the rapid spread of new ideas across a geographical area that was larger than modern-day Europe. This road network was a true emblem of Roman civilisation that allowed new territories to be conquered and trade to be developed. The Roman Empire was made up of a myriad of towns and territories ( civitates) that were linked by an impressive road system. This study shows how detailed microstratigraphic analyses of Roman roads are very effective in the characterisation of road biographies. The results show how the technical solutions used survived as a tradition for centuries, and how the repair works identified in the stratigraphic sequence have a correlation with the road maintenance works mentioned in the Roman epigraphic record of Hispania Baetica. The combination of micromorphology, µ-XRF and the study of the textural parameters of the deposits allowed us to identify the raw materials used and their sources, as well as the specific features generated during the construction and use of the road. A protocol was designed to characterise the road deposits at the microscale, where micromorphology revealed six overlying roads and their construction techniques. Archaeological excavations of this road have revealed vertical stratigraphic variations, suggesting the presence of several transit surfaces and repair works. Our research focuses on the Via Augusta, the longest road in Roman Hispania, where it passes through the Ianus Augustus (Mengíbar, Spain), a monumental complex on the frontier between the provinces of Baetica and Tarraconensis. The aim of this study is to offer a microstratigraphic analysis of an important Roman road in order to characterise the raw materials and construction techniques used to build it and their evolution over time. Despite the methodological advances achieved, interdisciplinary studies including geoarchaeological techniques are still rare. Roman roads are omnipresent in the Mediterranean basin.